Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately one in six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime, with about 191,930 new cases expected this year. Fortunately, prostate cancer is often manageable and curable, with over 98% of men surviving more than ten years post-diagnosis.
Upon diagnosis, it’s essential to discuss treatment options with a multidisciplinary team, including:
In certain cases, combining treatments—such as hormonal therapy with EBRT or brachytherapy with EBRT—may be recommended. It’s crucial to discuss the risks and benefits of all treatment options, including active surveillance, with your healthcare team.
EBRT involves a series of daily sessions where radiation is precisely targeted to the prostate. This approach can be as effective as, and sometimes more favorable than, surgery for treating prostate cancer.
Prior to initiating treatment, your radiation oncologist will develop a personalized plan based on biopsy results, imaging studies, and physical examinations. A planning CT scan, often referred to as a simulation, is performed to map the treatment area. To enhance accuracy, supportive devices may be used to maintain consistent positioning during treatment. Patients might be instructed to have a full bladder during sessions, and in some cases, a gel is placed between the prostate and rectum to minimize side effects. Non-radioactive marker seeds may also be implanted in the prostate to aid in precise targeting.
The treatment plan may encompass the prostate, seminal vesicles, and, in certain situations, nearby lymph nodes. Advanced imaging techniques, such as 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), are utilized to focus radiation on the tumor while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) further enhances precision by using imaging before each session to ensure accurate delivery.
Treatment schedules vary:
Most EBRT treatments employ high-energy X-rays (photons). Proton beam therapy, which uses protons instead of photons, is available at select centers and may be considered for certain patients.
Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive sources directly into the prostate and is categorized into:\
Brachytherapy can be administered alone or in combination with EBRT and hormonal therapy, depending on individual patient factors.
To support healing and manage potential side effects during radiation therapy:
Completing treatment and recovery can be challenging. Seek out help from support groups and friends ahead of time. If you have a support network in place before and during treatment, it will be easier to get through side effects, since people you can count on will be around to help you. If you need additional support, let your doctor and nurse know.
Side effects vary among individuals and may include:
Managing side effects during prostate cancer treatment is crucial for maintaining your well-being. Medications and dietary adjustments can often alleviate symptoms. It’s important to discuss any discomfort or concerns with your healthcare team, who can provide personalized recommendations to help you feel better.
If you have questions about your diagnosis, treatment options, or potential side effects, please contact our office to schedule a consultation with one of our radiation oncologists.
Dr. O’Connor and Dr. Montes are experienced radiation oncologists specializing in cancer treatment using radiation therapy. Our multidisciplinary team includes radiation therapists, physicists, dosimetrists, radiation oncology nurses, medical assistants, an oncology nurse navigator, and certified nutrition specialists. We are committed to providing comprehensive care tailored to your individual needs.
© American Society for Radiation Oncology, 2019.
