Facts About Skin Cancer

Skin cancer, the most prevalent form of cancer, primarily results from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The skin, serving as the body’s largest organ, acts as a protective barrier against environmental hazards. However, its constant exposure to UV rays makes it susceptible to various malignancies.

Types of Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): This is the most common and typically the least aggressive form of skin cancer. Originating in the basal cells of the epidermis, BCC rarely metastasizes but can cause significant local damage if not treated promptly.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Arising from the squamous cells in the epidermis, SCC is the second most common skin cancer. While it has a higher potential to spread than BCC, early detection and treatment often lead to favorable outcomes.
Melanoma: This is the most serious type of skin cancer, developing in the melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. Melanoma is more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not caught early.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A rare but aggressive cancer that forms in the Merkel cells located at the base of the epidermis. It tends to grow rapidly and can spread to other parts of the body.

Treating Skin Cancer

The choice of treatment depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common treatments include:

Surgery: Physically removing the cancerous tissue.
Radiation Therapy: Utilizing high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells, typically used for cancers that have spread.
Immunotherapy: Boosting the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
Targeted Therapy: Using drugs that target specific vulnerabilities in cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy for Skin Cancer

Radiation therapy is a non-invasive treatment that uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. It’s particularly effective for skin cancers located in areas where surgery might be challenging or for patients who cannot undergo surgical procedures.

Types of Radiation Therapy:

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): This involves directing radiation from a machine outside the body onto the cancerous area. It’s commonly used for various skin cancers and can be precisely targeted to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Brachytherapy: Also known as internal radiation therapy, this method involves placing radioactive material directly into or near the tumor. It’s particularly useful for treating cancers in areas like the nose, ears, or eyelids, where precision is crucial.
Electron Beam Therapy (EBT): EBT uses electrons to treat superficial tumors, delivering radiation that penetrates only a short distance into the skin, making it ideal for skin cancers.

Caring for Yourself During Treatment

Undergoing radiation therapy can be taxing, and it’s essential to take proactive steps to care for yourself:

Rest: Ensure you get ample rest to help your body heal and cope with treatment.
Nutrition: Maintain a balanced diet to support your body’s needs.
Skin Care: Protect the treated area from sun exposure, avoid extreme temperatures, and consult your healthcare team before applying any lotions or creams.
Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.

Potential Side Effects

Skin Changes: Redness, peeling, or blistering in the treated area.
Fatigue: A common side effect that usually improves after treatment concludes.
Hair Loss: In the area being treated, which may be temporary or permanent.

It’s crucial to communicate any side effects to your healthcare team so they can provide appropriate management strategies.

Conclusion

Radiation therapy offers an effective treatment option for various types of skin cancer, especially when surgery is not feasible. Advancements in radiation techniques have improved precision, reducing side effects and enhancing outcomes. If you have concerns or questions about skin cancer treatment, consult with a radiation oncologist to explore the best options tailored to your condition.

About Our Radiation Oncology Team

Dr. O’Connor and Dr. Montes are radiation oncologists, doctors who specialize in the use of radiation therapy as a treatment for cancer. Other members of our treatment team include radiation therapists, physicists, dosimetrists, radiation oncology nurses, medical assistants, oncology nurse navigator, and certified nutrition specialists.